Knee replacement, clinically known as knee arthroplasty, involves resurfacing damaged cartilage and bone of the knee joint and replacing them with precisely engineered prosthetic components. These implants are designed to replicate natural knee movement while providing durability, stability, and comfort. The procedure is recommended for patients with end-stage arthritis, severe joint degeneration, deformity, or long-standing knee pain that does not improve with conservative treatments such as medication, injections, or physiotherapy.