How does a Cataract form?
- The cataract involves the formation of several clumps of protein molecules on the eye's retina, which subsequently transforms into a yellow-coloured pigment in the patients suffering from severe forms of cataracts.
- This loss in light transmission levels in the eyes may result in complete or partial blindness in the elderly, which can only be treated by replacing the damaged eye lens with a new artificial lens.
What causes Cataract?
A variety of reasons can cause cataracts. They are as follows:-
- Aging
- Injury
- Diabetes
- Genetic disorders
- Previous eye surgery
- Long term use of steroids
What are the Signs and Symptoms of Cataract?
- Visual impairment- Diminishing quality of vision due to the occurrence of double vision or blurred vision.
- Unable to read properly
- Sensitivity towards light
- Needing brighter light to read
- Fading or yellowing of colors
- Difficulty seeing anything at night
What are the Diagnosis for Cataract?
An eye examination along with a few tests will be done to check if you have a cataract or not. These are:-
- Patient History: Careful understanding of the patient's medical history is important in determining the development of cataracts.
- Clinical Examinations:
- Visual acuity: It is a basic vision test done to check if you have a 20/20 vision or not.
- Slit-lamp examination: A slit lamp is used to detect tiny abnormalities.
- Retinal exam: Uses ophthalmoscope to detect signs of cataracts.
- Applanation tonometry: This test is done to measure eye pressure.
What is the Treatment for Cataract?
- Once formed, cataracts can only be surgically removed.
- Cataracts cannot be completely reversed by medication or eyeglasses.
- Nonsurgical methods to relieve some Cataract symptoms may include:-
- Eyeglasses
- Anti-glare sunglasses
- Magnifying lenses
What are the risks incurred if Cataract is not treated in time?
If left untreated, cataracts will continue to worsen, cataracts grow to the point where they are difficult to remove surgically and the risk of complications connected with surgery increases. The four stages of disease progression in cataracts are:
- Early Cataract
- Immature Cataract
- Mature Cataract
- Hypermature Cataract
You should see a doctor for cataracts if you're experiencing:
- Blurry vision
- Not being able to see at night
- Sensitivity to lights
- Need more light for reading than earlier.
- Double vision
- Seeing 'halos', i.e. circular structures around lights
What are benefits of getting Cataract removed?
The benefits include:
- Clear vision
- Improved clarity in dim light
- Reduced glare
- Improved quality of life with decreased risk of falls and fractures
